轴承是当代机械设备中一种重要零部件，它的主要功能是支撑机械旋转体，降低其运动过程中的摩擦系数，并保证其回转精度。滚动轴承一般由外圈、内圈、滚动体和保持架四部分组成。按滚动体的形状，滚动轴承分为球轴承和滚子轴承两大类。虽然滚动轴承类型众多，其结构型式、公差等级、材料选用、加工方法存在差异，但其基本制造过程类似，下面简单介绍下轴承部件的加工工艺：
Bearing is an important part of modern mechanical equipment, its main function is to support the mechanical rotating body, reduce the friction coefficient in the course of its movement, and ensure its rotation accuracy. Rolling bearings are generally made up of four parts: outer ring, inner ring, rolling body and cage. According to the shape of rolling body, rolling bearings are divided into two categories: ball bearings and roller bearings. Although there are many types of rolling bearings, their configuration, tolerance grade, material selection, processing methods are different, but the basic manufacturing process is similar. The following is a brief introduction to the bearing parts processing technology:
一、轴承制造工艺顺序（Bearing manufacturing process sequence）
（1）轴承零件制造-轴承零件检查-轴承零件退磁、清洗、防锈—轴承装配-轴承成品检查—轴承成品退磁、清洗-轴承成品涂油包装斗成品入库。
(1) Bearing parts manufacturing - bearing parts inspection - bearing parts demagnetization, cleaning, rust prevention - bearing assembly - bearing finished product inspection - bearing finished product demagnetization, cleaning - bearing finished product oil packing bucket finished product storage.
（2）套圈是滚动轴承的重要零件，由于滚动轴承的品种繁多，使得不同类型轴承的套圈尺寸、结构、制造使用的设备、工艺方法等各不相同。又由于套圈加工工序多、工艺复杂、加工精度要求高，因此套圈的加工质量对轴承的精度、使用寿命和性能有着重要的影响。
(2) Ring is an important part of rolling bearing. Because of the variety of rolling bearings, the size, structure, manufacturing equipment and process methods of different types of bearings are different. Because of many processing procedures, complex process and high precision requirements, the processing quality of the ring has an important impact on the accuracy, service life and performance of the bearing.
二、轴承套圈工艺顺序（bearing ring process sequence）
套圈制造的原材料为圆柱形棒料或管料，目前根据成型工艺不同，滚动轴承套圈一般有以下几种制造过程。
Raw materials for ring manufacturing are cylindrical bars or pipes. At present, according to the different molding process, the rolling bearing ring generally has the following several manufacturing processes.
（1）棒料：下料-锻造-退火（或正火）-车削（冷压成型）-热处理淬、回火-磨削-零件检查-退磁、清洗-提交装配。
(1) Bar: blanking - forging - annealing (or normalizing) - turning (cold forming) - heat treatment quenching, tempering - grinding - Part Inspection - demagnetization, cleaning - submit to assembly.
（2）棒料、管料：下料-冷辗成型-热处理淬、回火-磨削-零件检查-退磁、清洗-提交装配。
(2) Bars and pipes: blanking-cold rolling-forming-heat treatment quenching, tempering-grinding-parts inspection-demagnetization, cleaning-submission for assembly.
（3）管料：下料-车削成型-热处理淬、回火-磨削-零件检查-退磁、清洗-提交装配
(3) Pipe: blanking-turning-forming-heat treatment quenching, tempering-grinding-parts inspection-demagnetization, cleaning-submission assembly
（4）棒料：下料-冷（温）挤压成型-车削-热处理淬、回火-磨削-零件检查-退磁、清洗-提交装配
(4) Bar: blanking-cold (warm) extrusion molding-turning-heat treatment quenching, tempering-grinding-parts inspection-demagnetization, cleaning-submission assembly
三、套圈成型方法（Forming method of ferrule）
目前在套圈加工中成型方法主要有以下几种：锻造成型、车削成型、冷辗扩成型和冷（温）挤压成型。
At present, there are several forming methods in ring processing, such as forging, turning, cold rolling and cold (warm) extrusion.
（1）锻造成型通过锻造加工可以消除金属内在缺陷，改善金属组织使金属流线分布合理，金属紧密度好。锻造成型加工工艺广泛应用于轴承成型加工中，常见的锻造成型方法有：热锻加工、冷锻加工、温锻加工。
(1) Forging die can eliminate the inherent defects of metal by forging, improve the metal structure, make the metal streamline distribution reasonable and metal tightness good. Forging process is widely used in bearing forming. The common forging process includes hot forging, cold forging and warm forging.
（2）冲压成型工艺是一种能提高材料利用率，提高金属组织致密性，保持金属流线性的先进工艺方法，它是一种无屑加工方法。采用冲压工艺和锻造成型工艺时，产品的精度除了受设备精度影响外，还要受成型模具精度的影响。
(2) Stamping process is an advanced process which can improve the material utilization rate, improve the metal structure density and keep the metal flow linearity. It is a chip-free processing method. When adopting stamping process and forging process, the precision of the product is not only affected by the precision of the equipment, but also by the precision of the molding die.
（3）传统的车削成型技术是使用专用车床，采用集中工序法完成成型加工。一些外形复杂、精度要求高的产品正越来越多地采用数控车削成型技术。
(3) the traditional turning forming technology is to use special lathe to complete the forming process by centralized process. Some products with complex shape and high accuracy require more and more CNC turning technology.
四、轴承加工油的选用（Selection of bearing processing oil）
轴承配件除在使用热锻工艺时通常都会根据工艺的不同选用适合的金属加工油以提高工件精度和加工效率。
In addition to the use of hot forging process, bearing parts usually choose suitable metal processing oil according to the different process to improve the accuracy of the workpiece and processing efficiency.
（1）冷锻：多采用冷镦成型油或强缩油来提高工件的精度。
(1) cold forging: cold heading oil or strong oil are used to improve the accuracy of the workpiece.
（2）冲压：由于冲压工艺受限于模具的精度，所以选用专用冲压油来延长模具的使用寿命，从而保证工件的精度。
(2) Stamping: Because the stamping process is limited by the accuracy of the die, so the use of special stamping oil to extend the life of the die, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the workpiece.
（3）车削：车削工艺的精度主要和切削艺的进给速度、刀具强度有关，选用专用的车床切削油能有效降低切削温度，防止热形变的出现。
(3) Turning: The accuracy of the turning process is mainly related to the feed speed and tool strength of the cutting process. Selection of special lathe cutting oil can effectively reduce the cutting temperature and prevent the occurrence of thermal deformation.
以上就是轴承套圈加工工艺的简单介绍，轴承加工正向着金属材料利用率高、生产效率高、成型精度高的方向发展。
Above is the simple introduction of bearing ring processing technology, bearing processing is toward high metal material utilization, high production efficiency, high molding accuracy direction.
