轴承的安装方法，因轴承结构、配合等条件而异。一般而言，由于多为轴旋转，所以内圈需要过盈配合。圆柱孔轴承，多用压力机压入，或多用热装方法。锥孔的场合，直接安装在锥度轴上，或用套筒安装。
The bearing installation method is different from the bearing structure and matching conditions. Generally speaking, the inner ring needs interference fit because of multi axis rotation. Cylindrical bore bearings are usually pressed into or pressed by a press. The cone hole is directly mounted on the taper shaft or installed with sleeve.
安装到外壳时，一般游隙配合多，外圈有过盈量，通常用压力机压入，或也有冷却后安装的冷缩配合方法。用干冰作冷却剂，冷缩配合安装的场合，空气中的水分会凝结在轴承的表面。所以，需要适当的防锈措施。轴承的安装一般需要借助轴承加热器等专业的工具。
Installation to the shell, general clearance with more, the outer ring has interference, usually press in, or there are cooling installation after the cold shrinkage fit method. When dry ice is used as coolant and cold shrinkage matches installation, moisture in the air will condense on the surface of the bearing. Therefore, appropriate anti rust measures are needed. The installation of bearings usually requires specialized tools such as bearing heaters.
1、圆柱孔轴承的安装（Installation of cylindrical bore bearings）
（1）用压力机压入的方法（press method with press.）
小型轴承广泛使用压力机压入的方法。将垫块垫入内圈，用压力机静静地压至内圈而紧密地接触到轴挡肩为止。将外圈垫上垫块安装内圈，是造成滚道上压痕、压伤的原因，所以要绝对禁止。
Small bearings are widely used to press in. The cushion is padded into the inner ring and pressed to the inner ring with the press, and closely contacts the shaft shoulder. Installation of the outer ring pad into the inner ring is the cause of indentation and bruising on the raceway, so it is absolutely prohibited.
操作时，最好事先在配合面上涂油。万不得已用用榔头敲打安装的场合，要在内圈上垫上垫块作业。这种做法屡屡成为轴承操作的原因，所以，只限于用过盈量小的情况，不能用于过盈量大，或中、大型轴承。
During operation, it is best to apply oil on the mating surface in advance. If it is necessary to use hammers for installation, it is necessary to pad the inner ring. This practice has repeatedly become the reason for bearing operation, so, only limited to small interference, can not be used for large interference, or medium and large bearings.
For non-separated bearings such as deep groove ball bearings, where the inner ring and outer ring need to be fitted with interference, the pad is used, and the inner ring and outer ring are pressed simultaneously by screw or oil pressure. The outer ring of the aligning ball bearing is easy to tilt. Even if it is not interference fit, it is better to install the cushion block.
Separate bearings such as cylindrical roller bearings and tapered roller bearings can be installed on the shaft and outer ring respectively. When the inner ring and outer ring are respectively installed together, the key is to firmly close the two so that the center of the two does not deviate, and reluctantly press in will cause raceway surface jam.
（2）热装的方法（hot charging method）
大型轴承，压入时需要很大的力，所以很难压入。因此，在油中将轴承加热，使之膨胀，然后装到轴上的热装方法广为使用。使用这种方法，可以不给轴承增加不当的力，在短时间内完成作业。
Large bearings require great force when pressed, so it is difficult to press in. Therefore, it is widely used to heat the bearing in oil and expand it, and then install it on the shaft. By using this method, the force of the bearing can not be increased, and the operation can be completed in a short time.
轴承的加热温度，以轴承尺寸、所需的过盈量为参考。热装作业有关注意事项如下：
The heating temperature of the bearing is taken as reference for bearing size and required interference. The matters needing attention in hot charging operation are as follows:
(a)不将轴承加热至120℃以上；
(a) do not heat the bearing to more than 120 C;
(b)为使轴承不直接接触油槽底部，最好考虑将轴承放在金属网台上，或将轴承吊起来；
(b) In order to keep the bearings from directly touching the bottom of the oil groove, it is preferable to consider placing the bearings on a metal mesh table or lifting the bearings;
(c)将轴承加热到比所需温度高20℃——30℃，以便操作中不至发生内圈变冷，难于安装；
(c) Heating the bearing to 20-30 degrees above the required temperature so that the inner ring does not become cold during operation and is difficult to install;
(d)安装后，轴承冷却下来，宽度方向也收缩，所以要用轴螺母，或其它适宜的方法，使之紧固，以防内圈与轴承挡肩之间产生缝隙。
(d) After installation, the bearings cool down and shrink in width direction, so use shaft nuts or other suitable methods to tighten them to prevent cracks between the inner ring and the bearing shoulder.
2、锥孔轴承的安装（Installation of tapered bore bearings）
锥孔轴承是直接将内圈固定于锥形轴，或者用紧定套、拆卸套筒安装到圆柱轴上。大型调心轴承多用油压安装。
Tapered bore bearings are used to fix the inner ring directly to the tapered shaft, or to install the inner ring to the cylindrical shaft with a clamping sleeve or a dismantling sleeve. Large aligning bearings are mostly installed with oil pressure.
3、运转检查（Operation check）
轴承安装结束后，为了检查安装是否正确，要进行运转检查，小型机械可以用手旋转确认是否旋转顺利。检查项目有因异物、伤疤、压痕而造成的运转不畅、因安装不良，安装座加工不良而产生的旋转扭矩不均、由游隙过小、安装误差密封摩擦而引起的扭矩大等等。如无异常则可以开始动力运转。
After the installation of the bearing, in order to check the installation is correct, to carry out the operation check, small machinery can use hand rotation to confirm whether the rotation is smooth. Inspection items are due to foreign bodies, scars, indentation caused by the operation is not smooth, due to poor installation, installation seat processing is not good and resulting in uneven rotating torque, by the clearance is too small, installation error sealing friction caused by torque, and so on. If there is no abnormality, it can start the power operation.
因大型机械不能手动旋转，所以无负荷启动后立即关掉动力，进行惯性运转，检查有无振动、声响、旋转部件是否有接触等等，确认无异常后进入动力运转。
Because large machinery can not rotate manually, so no load immediately after starting off power off, for inertial operation, check whether there is vibration, sound, rotating parts are in contact, etc., to confirm that there is no abnormality into power operation.
动力运转，从无负荷低速开始，慢慢地提高至所定条件额定运转。试运转中检查事项为，是否有异常声响、轴承温度的转移、润滑剂的泄漏及变色等等。在试运转如果发现异常，应立即中止运转，检查机械，有必要时要卸下轴承检查。
Power operation starts at no load at low speed and slowly increases to rated operation. The checking items during the commissioning are: whether there is abnormal sound, transfer of bearing temperature, leakage of lubricant and discoloration, etc. If abnormal operation is found in the commissioning, the operation shall be stopped immediately, the machine shall be checked, and the bearings shall be unloaded for inspection if necessary.
轴承温度检查一般从外壳外表推测可知。但利用油孔，直接测量轴承外圈温度，更加准确。轴承温度运转开始渐渐上升，如无异常，通常1——2小时后稳定。如果因轴承或安装等不良，轴承温度会急剧上升，出现异常高温。其原因诸如润滑剂过多、轴承游隙过小、安装不良、密封装置摩擦过大等。高速旋转的场合，轴承的润滑方法的选择错误等也是其原因。
The temperature check of bearing is usually deduced from the appearance of the shell. But it is more accurate to directly measure the temperature of bearing outer ring by using oil hole. The temperature of the bearing starts to increase gradually. If there is no abnormality, it usually stabilizes after 1 - 2 hours. If the bearing or installation is not good, the bearing temperature will rise sharply, and there will be an abnormal high temperature. The reasons are too many lubricants, too small bearing clearance, improper installation, and too much friction of the sealing device. High speed rotation, the wrong choice of bearing lubrication methods is also the reason.
下面再给大家介绍几种常见的轴承安装方法：
Now let me introduce some common methods of bearing installation.
1、滚动轴承的装配（Assembly of rolling bearings）
(1)轴承装配前，轴承位不得有任何的污质存在。
(1) before bearing assembly, no contaminant exists in the bearing position.
(2)轴承装配时应在配合件表面涂一层润滑油，轴承无型号的一端应朝里，即靠轴肩方向。
(2) When assembling bearings, a layer of lubricating oil should be coated on the surface of the fittings, and the end of the bearing without model should be inward, that is, the direction of the shaft shoulder.
(3)轴承装配时应使用专用压具，严禁采用直接击打的方法装配，套装轴承时加力的大小、方向、位置应适当，不应使保护架或滚动体受力，应均匀对称受力，保证端面与轴垂直。
(3) Bearings should be assembled with special pressure tools. Direct striking method is strictly prohibited. The magnitude, direction and position of the force applied to the bearing should be appropriate. Protector or roller should not be subjected to force, and symmetrical force should be uniformly applied to ensure that the end face is perpendicular to the shaft.
(4)轴承内圈端面一般应紧靠轴肩（轴卡），轴承外圈装配后，其定位端轴承盖与垫圈或外圈的接触应均匀。
(4) Bearing inner ring end face should be close to the shoulder (shaft clip), bearing outer ring assembly, its positioning end bearing cover and washer or outer ring contact should be uniform.
(5)滚动轴承装好后，相对运动件的转动应灵活、轻便，如果有卡滞现象，应检查分析问题的原因并作相应处理。
(5) After the rolling bearing is installed, the rotation of the relative moving parts should be flexible and portable. If there is stuck phenomenon, the cause of the problem should be checked and analyzed and the corresponding treatment should be made.
(6)轴承装配过程中，若发现孔或轴配合过松时，应检查公差；过紧时不得强行野蛮装配，都应检查分析问题的原因并作相应处理。
(6) In the process of bearing assembly, if the hole or shaft fit is found to be too loose, tolerances should be checked; when too tight, no brutal assembly should be forced, and the causes of the problems should be checked and analyzed and corresponding treatment should be made.
(7) The axial clearance of single row tapered roller bearings, thrust angular contact bearings and bi-directional thrust ball bearings conforms to the drawings and process requirements during assembly.
(8)对采用润滑脂的轴承及与之相配合的表面，装配后应注入适量的润滑脂。对于工作温度不超过65℃的轴承，可按GB491-65《钙基润滑脂》采用ZG-5润滑脂；对于工作温度高于65℃的轴承，可按GB492-77《钙基润滑脂》采用ZN-2ZN-3润滑脂。
(8)For the bearing and the surface matched with the grease, the appropriate amount of grease should be injected after assembly. ZG-5 grease can be used for bearings with working temperature not exceeding 65 C according to GB491-65 Calcium-based grease; ZN-2ZN-3 grease can be used for bearings with working temperature higher than 65 C according to GB492-77 Calcium-based grease.
(9)普通轴承在正常工作时温升不应超过35℃，工作时的最高温度不应超过70℃。
(9) The temperature rise of ordinary bearings should not exceed 35 C during normal operation and the highest temperature should not exceed 70 C during operation.
2、直线轴承的装配（Assembly of linear bearings）
(1)组装前，轴承内部应涂抹润滑脂。
(1) grease should be applied to the bearing before assembling.
(2)轴承压入支承座时，应采用专用安装工具压靠外圈端面，不允许直接敲打轴承，以免变形。
(2) When the bearing is pressed into the support seat, a special installation tool shall be used to press against the end face of the outer ring, and direct knocking on the bearing shall not be allowed to avoid deformation.
(3)轴承与支承座的配合必须符合公差要求，过紧使导轨轴与轴承过盈配合，会损坏轴承；过松会使轴承无法在支承座中固定。
(3) The fit between the bearing and the supporting seat must meet the tolerance requirements. If the guide shaft and the bearing are too tight, the bearing will be damaged; if the bearing is too loose, the bearing can not be fixed in the supporting seat.
(4)导轨轴装入轴承时，应对准中心轻轻插入，如歪斜地插入，会使滚珠脱落，保持架变形。
(4) When the guide shaft is loaded into the bearing, it should be inserted gently into the quasi-center, if inserted askew, the ball will fall off and the cage will deform.
(5)轴承装入支承座时，不允许转动，强行使其转动，会损坏轴承。
(5) bearing is not allowed to rotate when it is loaded into supporting seat, forcing it to rotate will damage the bearing.
(6)不允许用紧定螺丝直接紧定在轴承外圈上，否则会发生变形。
(6) it is not allowed to fasten directly on the outer ring of bearing with tight screws, otherwise it will be deformed.
3、直线导轨的装配
3. Assembly of linear guides
(1)导轨安装部位不得有污质，安装面平整度必须达到要求。
(1) there must be no dirt in the installation area of the guide rail, and the smoothness of the installation surface must meet the requirements.
(2)导轨侧面有基准边时，应紧贴基准边安装，无基准边时，应保证导轨的滑动方向与设计要求一致，导轨固定螺丝拧紧后，应检查滑块的滑动方向是否有偏差，否则必须调整。
(2) When the side of the guide rail has a datum edge, it should be installed close to the datum edge, and when there is no datum edge, it should ensure that the sliding direction of the guide rail is consistent with the design requirements. After the fixing screw of the guide rail is tightened, it should check whether the sliding direction of the slide block is deviated, otherwise it must be adjusted.
(3)如果滑块以传动带带动，传动带与滑块固定张紧后，传动带不得有斜拉的现象，否则必须调整带轮，使传动带的带动方向与导轨平行。
(3) If the slider is driven by the belt, the belt and the slider are fixed and tensioned, the belt must not be inclined to pull, otherwise the pulley must be adjusted to make the driving direction of the belt parallel to the guide rail.
