轴承是机械设备的关键零部件之一。轴承的任一缺陷都可引起设备的故障，乃至严重的事故。而保证轴承正常运转和较长使用寿命的重要因素之一，就是必须保证轴承有良好的润滑。（Bearing is one of the key parts of mechanical equipment. Any defect of the bearing can cause equipment failure and even serious accidents. One of the important factors to ensure the normal operation and long service life of bearings is to ensure that bearings have good lubrication.）
一、 手动润滑油（Manual lubricants）
在发现轴承润滑油不足时，适时用加油器供油，这是最原始的方法。这种方法难以保持油量一定，因疏忽而忘记加油的危险较大，通常只用于轻载、低速或间歇运动的场合。最好在加油孔上设置防尘盖或球阀，并用毛毡、棉、毛等作过滤装置。
It is the most original method to supply oil in time when the lubricating oil is insufficient. This method is difficult to maintain a certain amount of oil, because negligence and forget to refuel the greater danger, usually used only for light-duty, low-speed or intermittent movement occasions. It is better to install dust cover or ball valve on the fuel hole, and use felt, cotton and wool as filter device.
二、油杯滴油润滑（ Drip lubrication of oil cup.）
通过油杯中的节油口向轴承滴油进行润滑的一种润滑方式.油杯滴油润滑的优点是结构简单，使用方便，省油。而且供油量可以由节油口进行调节，一般滴油量以每3-8秒一滴为宜，因为，过多的油量会引起轴承温升增加。缺点是对润滑油的粘度有一定要求，不能使用粘度大的润滑油，没有散热功能。油杯滴油润滑适用于低速轻载工作温度较低的场合。
It is a lubricating way to lubricate the bearing oil through the oil-saving mouth of the oil cup. The advantages of oil-dropping lubrication of the oil cup are simple structure, convenient use and oil saving. And the fuel supply can be regulated by the throttle, the general amount of oil to every 3-8 seconds a drop is appropriate, because too much oil will cause bearing temperature rise. The disadvantage is that there is a certain requirement for the viscosity of the lubricating oil, can not use a high viscosity lubricating oil, no heat dissipation function. The drip lubrication of the oil cup is suitable for low temperature and light load working conditions.
三、油浴（浸油）润滑（Oil bath (immersion) lubrication.）
把轴承部分浸入润滑油中，通过轴承运转后将油带入到轴承其它部分的一种润滑方式。油浴润滑是使用最为普遍而简便的润滑方式之一。
A lubrication method in which the bearing part is immersed in lubricating oil and the oil is carried into the other parts of the bearing after running through the bearing. Oil bath lubrication is one of the most common and simple lubrication methods.
考虑到油浴润滑时的搅拌损耗及温升，对于水平轴，轴承部分侵入润滑油中的高度应有一定限制，一般将油面控制在轴承最下面滚动体的中心附近。油浴（浸油）润滑，润滑充分，但供油量不易调节，若油箱中没有过滤装置容易把杂质带入轴承内部损伤轴承，油浴（浸油）一般适用于低速或中速场合，在低转速轴承上使用较为普遍。
Considering the stirring loss and temperature rise in oil bath lubrication, the height of the bearing penetrating into the lubricating oil should be limited to a certain extent for the horizontal shaft. Generally, the oil level should be controlled near the center of the rolling body at the bottom of the bearing. Oil bath (immersion) lubrication, full lubrication, but the oil supply is not easy to adjust, if there is no filter device in the tank easy to bring impurities into the bearing internal damage bearing, oil bath (immersion) is generally suitable for low or medium speed occasions, low speed bearings used more generally.
可分离的加强肋可装在轴承座的底部以减少搅动和/或散热。静态油位应稍低于应用于水平轴的轴承最低滚动体的中心，对于垂直轴，静态油位应覆盖50%-80%的滚动体。如果使用油浴系统轴承的温度比较高可以改为使用滴漏方式，飞溅或循环油系统。
Detachable reinforcing ribs can be mounted at the bottom of the bearing housing to reduce stir and / or heat dissipation. The static oil level should be slightly lower than the center of the lowest rolling element of the bearing applied to the horizontal shaft. For the vertical shaft, the static oil level should cover 50% - 80% of the rolling element. If the temperature of the bearings used in the oil bath system is relatively high, it can be changed to use drip mode, splash or circulating oil system.
四、飞溅润滑（Splash lubrication）
通过其它运转零件将油飞溅后带入轴承的一种润滑方式。飞溅润滑供油量不易调节，润滑油面也不能太高，否则容易产生搅拌损耗及温升，还容易将油箱中的杂质带入轴承内部损伤轴承。
A lubrication method that splashes oil into bearings through other operating parts. Splash lubrication oil supply is not easy to adjust, lubricating oil surface can not be too high, otherwise easy to produce stirring loss and temperature rise, but also easy to bring impurities into the oil tank bearing internal damage bearing.
在飞溅润滑中，油通过装在轴上的旋转体（叶轮或“抛油环”）飞溅到轴承上，轴承不浸没在油中。
In splash lubrication, oil is splashed onto the bearing through a rotating body (impeller or "oil throwing ring") mounted on the shaft, and the bearing is not immersed in the oil.
在齿轮箱中，齿轮和轴承经常与作为抛油环的齿轮共用一台油箱。由于齿轮用油的粘度可能与轴承要求的不同，而且油中含来自齿轮的磨损微粒，可分离的润滑系统或方法可供改善轴承寿命。
In gearboxes, gears and bearings often share an oil tank with the gears used as oil throws. Since the viscosity of gear oil may be different from that required by bearings, and the oil contains wear particles from the gears, a separable lubrication system or method can be used to improve the bearing life.
五、循环油润滑（Lubrication of circulating oil）
通过油泵将润滑油从油箱吸油后输送到轴承需要润滑的部位，然后从回油口返回油箱，经过滤后重新使用的一种润滑方式。
A lubrication system in which oil is pumped from the tank to the lubricated part of the bearing and then returned to the tank from the oil return port for reuse after filtration.
循环油润滑润滑充分、供油量容易控制、散热和除杂质能力强。循环油润滑适用于以散热或除杂质为目的的场合，以及高速高温、重载的场合，使用可靠性高。循环油润滑是一种比较理想的润滑方式。但需要独立的供油系统，制造成本相对较高。供油系统由油泵、冷却器、过滤器、油箱、输油管道等组成。
The circulating oil is lubricated and lubricated sufficiently, the fuel supply is easy to control, the heat dissipation and the impurity removal ability are strong. Circulating oil lubrication is suitable for the occasion of heat dissipation or impurity removal, as well as high speed, high temperature, heavy load occasions, high reliability. Circulating oil lubrication is an ideal lubrication method. But independent oil supply system is needed, and the manufacturing cost is relatively high. The oil supply system consists of an oil pump, a cooler, a filter, an oil tank, and an oil pipeline.
循环油润滑包含：喷油润滑、强制润滑和喷雾润滑。它们分类的角度不同。
Circulating oil lubrication includes injection lubrication, forced lubrication and spray lubrication. They are classified at different angles.
六、油雾润滑（Oil mist lubrication.）
将润滑油在油雾发生器中，利用压缩空气与少量的润滑油混合后形成油雾，然后输送到轴承润滑部位的一种润滑方式。
A lubrication method in which lubricating oil is mixed in an oil mist generator with compressed air and a small amount of lubricating oil to form an oil mist and then transferred to the lubricating part of a bearing.
油雾润滑搅拌损耗及温升小，省油，油中的杂质少，而且油雾喷射时产生的气流具有一定的降温效果，还可以有效地防止杂质侵入或排出杂质。但润滑装置成本较高，对使用油的粘度有一定要求，否则将达不到雾化效果。另外，润滑时如果密封不严，有部分油雾可能会散逸到空气中污染环境，必要时应使用油气分离器来收集油雾。油雾润滑适用于高速场合。
Oil mist lubrication stirring loss and temperature rise is small, fuel-saving, less impurities in oil, and oil mist spray generated by the air flow has a certain cooling effect, but also can effectively prevent the invasion or discharge of impurities. However, the cost of lubricating device is high, and the viscosity of oil is required, otherwise the atomization effect will not be achieved. In addition, if the seal is not tight, some of the oil mist may escape into the air to pollute the environment, if necessary, oil and gas separators should be used to collect oil mist. Oil mist lubrication is suitable for high speed applications.
七、喷油润滑（Fuel injection lubrication）
采用高压喷射的方法，将润滑油喷射至轴承内，对轴承实施润滑的一种润滑方式。当轴承高速运转时，滚动体和保持架也以相当高的转速旋转，从而在轴承的周围形成空气涡流，若采用一般润滑方式，润滑油不易到达润滑部位。另一方面，由于高速产生的离心力，润滑油很难保持在润滑部位。为确保有足量而不过量的润滑油供给高速运转的轴承，必须从轴承一端将润滑油强制喷入进行润滑，然后再由另一端重新流入油箱。
High-pressure injection method is used to inject lubricating oil into the bearing and lubricate the bearing. When the bearing runs at high speed, the roller and cage also rotate at a fairly high speed, thus forming an air swirl around the bearing. If the general lubrication method is adopted, the lubricating oil is not easy to reach the lubricating part. On the other hand, due to centrifugal force generated at high speed, lubricating oil is hard to maintain at lubrication. In order to ensure that there is sufficient and not excessive lubricant to supply high-speed bearings, lubricant must be forced from one end of the bearing into lubrication, and then from the other end re-flow into the tank.
润滑系统设计时，应使高压喷嘴的位置位于内圈和保持架中心之间，并通过离心作用将润滑油甩向外滚道。为了有效地进行润滑轴承，润滑油的喷射速度应不低于15m/s。
In lubrication system design, the high pressure nozzle should be located between the inner ring and the center of the cage, and the lubricating oil should be thrown out of the raceway by centrifugal action. In order to lubricate bearings effectively, the injection speed of lubricating oil should be no less than 15m/s.
从运转速度看，喷油润滑常用于低或中载荷下以较高转速运转的轴承；从轴承受力方向看，喷油润滑常用于垂直或倾斜轴上的轴承，而且润滑油通常直接注入轴承。
In terms of operating speed, oil-injection lubrication is often used for bearings operating at higher speeds under low or medium loads; in terms of bearing force direction, oil-injection lubrication is often used for bearings on vertical or inclined shafts, and oil is usually injected directly into bearings.
八、油气润滑（ Oil and gas lubrication）
油气润滑通常适用于轴承运转速度较高的场合，油气润滑系统将少量的润滑油和一定压力的气体混合，然后供给给轴承。这种方法适合高速应用，诸如机床，炼油化工行业一般较少使用。
Hydro-pneumatic lubrication is usually used in the case of high speed bearings. Hydro-pneumatic lubrication system mixes a small amount of lubricating oil with a certain pressure of gas, and then supplies the bearings. This method is suitable for high speed applications, such as machine tools, refinery and chemical industry.
