各种类型的轴承，因设计各异而具有不同的特性。轴承的具体安装部位以及应用场合的多变性与复杂性，轴承类型选择无固定模式可寻。为适应某种机器机床特定的安装部位和应用条件进行轴承类型选择时，可以依据以下几个主要因素综合来考虑轴承的选型。Various types of bearings have different characteristics due to their different designs. Bearing specific installation parts and application occasions of variability and complexity, bearing type selection without fixed mode to find. In order to adapt to the specific installation position and application conditions of a certain machine tool, the bearing type selection can be considered according to the following main factors.
允许空间（Allow space）
机械设计时，一般先确定轴的尺寸，然后根据轴的尺寸选择轴承。通常，小轴选用球轴承；大轴选用圆柱滚子轴承、调心滚子轴承、圆锥滚子轴承(有时也可选用球轴承)。若轴承安装部位的径向空间受到限制，应采用径向截面高度较小的轴承。如滚针轴承、某些系列的深沟球轴承、角接触球轴承、圆柱滚子或调心滚子轴承以及薄壁轴承。若轴承安装部位的轴向空间受到限制，可采用宽度尺寸较小的轴承。
In mechanical design, the size of the shaft is usually determined first, and then the bearing is selected according to the size of the shaft. Usually, ball bearings are used for small shafts, cylindrical roller bearings, aligning roller bearings and tapered roller bearings are used for large shafts (sometimes also ball bearings). If the radial space of the bearing location is limited, the bearing with a smaller radial section should be used. Such as needle roller bearings, some series of deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, cylindrical roller or aligning roller bearings and thin-walled bearings. If the axial space of the bearing part is limited, the bearing with smaller width can be used.
轴承载荷（Bearing load）
载荷大小载荷大小通常是选择轴承尺寸的决定因素。滚子轴承比具有相同外形尺寸的球轴承承载能力大。通常球轴承适用于轻或中载荷、滚子轴承适用于承受重载荷。
Load size and load are usually the determinants of bearing size. Roller bearings have larger bearing capacity than ball bearings with the same size. Usually ball bearings are suitable for light or medium loads and roller bearings for heavy load.
载荷方式纯径向载荷可选用深沟球轴承、圆柱滚子轴承。纯轴向载荷可选用推力球轴承、推力圆柱滚子轴承。有径向载荷又有轴向载荷(联合载荷)时，一般选用角接触球轴承或圆锥滚子轴承。若径向载荷较大而轴向载荷较小时，轴承人微信专业！可选用深沟球轴承和内、外圈都有挡边的圆柱滚子轴承。如同时还存在轴或壳体变形大以及安装对中性差的情况，可选用调心球轴承、调心滚子轴承。若轴向载荷较大而径向载荷较小时可选用推力角接触球轴承，四点接触球轴承如还要求调心性能，可选用推力调心滚子轴承。
Deep groove ball bearings and cylindrical roller bearings can be used for purely radial loads. Pure axial load can be selected thrust ball bearings and thrust cylindrical roller bearings. Angular contact ball bearings or tapered roller bearings are generally used when there are radial loads and axial loads (combined loads). If the radial load is large and the axial load is small, the bearing micro channel is professional. Cylindrical roller bearings with deep groove ball bearings and inner and outer rings can be selected. As there is also a large deformation of the shaft or shell and installation of poor neutrality, the choice of ball bearings, self-aligning roller bearings. If the axial load is larger and the radial load is smaller, the thrust angular contact ball bearing can be selected. If the four-point contact ball bearing also requires aligning performance, the thrust aligning roller bearing can be selected.
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转速（speed）
滚动轴承的工作转速主要取决于其允许运转温度。摩擦阻力低，内部发热较少的轴承适用于高速运转的场合。仅承受径向载荷时，选用深沟球轴承和圆柱滚子轴承可以达到较高的转速，若承受联合载荷时，宜选用角接触球轴承。采用特殊设计的高精度角接触球轴承，可以达到极高的转速。各种推力轴承的转速均低于径向轴承。
The working speed of rolling bearings mainly depends on the allowable operating temperature. Bearings with low friction resistance and less internal heating are suitable for high-speed operation. When only bearing radial load, deep groove ball bearings and cylindrical roller bearings can achieve higher rotational speed. If bearing combined load, angular contact ball bearings should be selected. Specially designed high precision angular contact ball bearings can achieve very high speed. The speed of various thrust bearings is lower than that of radial bearings.
旋转精度（Rotation precision）
对于大多数机械，选用0级公差的轴承足以满足主机要求，但对轴的旋转精度有严格要求时，如机床主轴，精密机械和仪表等，则应选用较高公差等级的深沟球轴承、角接触球轴承、圆锥滚子轴承、圆柱滚子轴承和推力角接触球轴承。
For most machines, zero-tolerance bearings are sufficient to meet the requirements of the main engine, but when there are strict requirements for the rotational accuracy of the shaft, such as machine tool spindles, precision machinery and instruments, it is necessary to select deep groove ball bearings with higher tolerance, angular contact ball bearings, tapered roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings and thrust angular contact balls. Bearing.
刚性（Rigidity）
滚动轴承的刚性由其承受载荷时发生的弹性变形量来决定，一般情况下，这种变形量很小，可以忽略不计，但在某些机械中，如机床主轴系统，轴承的静态刚度和动态刚度对系统的特性影响很大。轴承人微信专业！一般来说，滚子轴承比球轴承具有较高的刚度。各类轴承通过适当地“预紧”也可以不同程度地提高刚性。
The rigidity of rolling bearings is determined by the elastic deformation which occurs when bearing load. Generally, this deformation is very small and can be neglected. But in some machines, such as machine tool spindle system, the static stiffness and dynamic stiffness of bearings have a great influence on the characteristics of the system. Bearing micro channel professional! Generally speaking, roller bearings have higher stiffness than ball bearings. All kinds of bearings can be raised to a certain degree by proper pretightening.
噪声与振动（Noise and vibration）
轴承本身的噪声与振动一般都很低。但对于中小电机、办公机械、家用电器和仪表等对噪声与运转平稳性有特殊要求的机械，通常选用低噪声轴承。
The noise and vibration of the bearing itself are generally very low. But for small and medium-sized motors, office machinery, household appliances and meters, such as machinery with special requirements for noise and smooth operation, usually choose low noise bearings.
轴向移动（Axial movement）
轴承最普遍的配置方式是在轴的一端安装一套轴向定位的“同定轴承”，而在另一端安装一套轴向可移动的“游动轴承”，以防止由于轴热胀冷缩而产生卡死现象。经常用的“游动轴承”是内圈或外圈无挡边的圆柱滚子轴承，此时内圈与轴的配合或外圈与外壳孔的配合可采用过盈配合。有时也可选用不可分离型深沟球轴承或调心滚子轴承作游动轴承，但在安装时内圈与轴或外圈与外壳孔配合应选择间隙配合，以确保内圈或外圈有足够的轴向移动的自由。
The most common configuration of bearings is to install a set of axially positioned "co-fixed bearings" at one end of the shaft and an axially movable "swimming bearing" at the other end to prevent stuck due to the expansion and contraction of the shaft. Often used "swimming bearings" are cylindrical roller bearings with inner or outer rings without edges. At this time, the matching of inner rings and shafts or the matching of outer rings and shell holes can be used interference fit. Sometimes non-separable deep groove ball bearings or self-aligning roller bearings can also be used as swimming bearings, but in the installation of the inner ring and shaft or outer ring and shell hole fit should choose clearance fit to ensure that the inner ring or outer ring has enough freedom of axial movement.
摩擦力矩（friction torque）
球轴承的摩擦阻力较滚子轴承小，纯径向载荷作用时，径向接触轴承的摩擦阻力小；纯轴向载荷作用时，轴向接触轴承的摩擦阻力小；联合载荷作用时，轴承接触角与载荷角相近的角接触轴承摩擦阻力最小。在需要低摩擦力矩的仪器和机械中，选用球轴承或圆柱滚子轴承较适宜。轴承人微信专业！此外，低摩擦力矩轴承应避免采用接触式密封，同时，建议采用滴油润滑，油气润滑或其它有利于减磨的润滑方式。
The friction resistance of ball bearing is smaller than that of roller bearing, and the friction resistance of radial contact bearing is smaller under pure radial load; the friction resistance of axial contact bearing is smaller under pure axial load; and the friction resistance of angular contact bearing with close contact angle and load angle is the smallest under combined load. Ball bearings or cylindrical roller bearings are suitable for instruments and machines requiring low friction torque. Bearing micro channel professional! In addition, contact sealing should be avoided for bearings with low friction torque. At the same time, oil drop lubrication, oil-air lubrication or other lubrication methods which are conducive to wear reduction are recommended.
安装与拆卸（Installation and disassembly）
具有圆柱形内孔的轴承用于安装拆卸较频繁的机械中，应优先选用分离型角接触球轴承、圆锥滚子轴承、可分离的圆柱滚子轴承、滚针轴承和推力轴承等。具有圆锥形内孔的轴承可安装在轴颈上，或借助紧定套或退卸套装在圆柱形轴颈上，安装拆卸很方便。
Bearings with cylindrical internal holes should be preferred to separate angular contact ball bearings, tapered roller bearings, separable cylindrical roller bearings, needle roller bearings and thrust bearings when they are used to install and disassemble more frequently. Bearings with conical internal holes can be mounted on the journal or mounted on the cylindrical journal by means of a tight sleeve or a retracting sleeve, which is convenient for installation and disassembly.
